Engineering Tube

How To Use A Digital Multimeter :

<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Digital
Multimeter (DMM).</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">  </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">A multimeter is a
device which is use for measuring different parameters of electrical energy.
Such as voltage, current ,resistance, continuity and much more.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Multimeter
has multi functionalities like, it acts like ammeter, voltmeter and ohmmeter.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">There are
two main types of multimeter .Analog multimeter and digital multimeter.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: cyan;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">How to Measure DC
VOLTAGE:</span></u></i></b><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">(—</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">, <b>- - -)</b></span></span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To measure the DC Voltage on multimeter .First
you need to rotate the rotary switch pointer tip toward the DC Voltage section.
Normally we measure voltage up to 20 volts its better to bring pointer tip on
20v .Then Connect the probe to DMM insert Black in Black input jack<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and red in middle red input jack. After that connect
one probe tip to the battery terminal and the other to the next terminal .The
digital value<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>will be show on the
display screen on DMM<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>it will be show
you the exact voltage of your battery or any DC source you connect. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">If the value
not show on the screen then rotate the rotary switch to<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>high value.the maximum range of this DMM is
500 volts DC.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: cyan;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">How to Measure AC
VOLTAGE:</span></u></i></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">(~) </span></span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Similarly like DC voltage. You can also
measure AC voltage through DMM.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Just Move rotary
switch pointer (Dial) toward the AC Voltage section .carefully Attach one prob
with the red and other with the black of AC Voltage source. On the display
screen you will be find the exact AC Voltage value. The maximum voltage range
of these multimeters are 500 Volts AC. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>voltages are <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>measure in parallel.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Precaution: Do
not play with the AC High voltage .Operate it only with the help of qualified person
.remember high voltage are deadly.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u><span style="background-color: cyan; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">How to Measure DC
Current:</span></u></i></b></h3>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">To measure
DC Current on multimeter.First connect the device on series .Move rotary switch
toward DC Current section and attach the device in series .Attach one probe to
the device one terminal .after that attach other end of the device to the
battery terminal and the other prob to the other terminal of the battery.the
multimeter display will be show you the exact current passing through the
device. the device could be LED,DC Motor or any other Electronic components.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Current high
then 20mA.Move the red prob to the other input jack. Which is design for current
limit upto 10Ampere .Inside the multimeter a fuse of 10 Amperes are<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>connect .Current greater then 10A could
damage the fuse . Replace fuse after damage.Its cheap and easly available in
market.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: cyan;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">How to Measure
Resistance of a Resistor:</span></u></i></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "helvetica" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "helvetica" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">Ω</span></span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">To find the
resistance of a resistor first move dial toward the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Ohm section .then connect the resistor with
the prob of the multimeter .resistor value will be show on the display screen
.if the value not show or show only 1 then move the dial to the high value
.Check all m,k and M.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="background-color: cyan;">Continuity Test:</span></span></u></i></b></h3>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">For
continuity test move rotary switch(dial) to the continuity section which is a
diode sign /sound sign. Connect both the probs you will be hear a beep sound it
mean that your connection are good. After that connect one prob to the one end
of the wire and the other prob to the other end of the wire if you hear a beep
sound the wire are connected and good to use. If you don’t hear the beep sound
it mean that your wire are break in between some where.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Contiunity test
are very important in circuit designing .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="background-color: cyan;">Temperature:</span></span></u></i></b></h3>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>With the help of this multimeter you can also
find temperature in both Celsius </span><span style="background: white; color: #636363; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;">°C</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (Centigrade)
and Fahrenheit </span><span style="background: white; color: #636363; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;">°F</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A sensor are
attach instead of probs . Move the pointer to the C OR F for temperature .Then
check the screen for results.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: cyan;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Buttons:</span></u></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hold Button:</span></u></i></b></span></h4>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hold button
is used to hold value on screen for some time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4JdwjG1DoHfTxoW2psIZJIkU7UpDVFToDNNsM6aRIN1gOtwB_gpXxEaw6AP4Q7oR5XKotJcU4r4sZFTV5f5aWCl2dGMTCDy6amARJ1wFzmcjVymANCEprQmig3CQRd9PfPIHuAUIeIHOs/s1600/hold+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="635" data-original-width="1053" height="384" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4JdwjG1DoHfTxoW2psIZJIkU7UpDVFToDNNsM6aRIN1gOtwB_gpXxEaw6AP4Q7oR5XKotJcU4r4sZFTV5f5aWCl2dGMTCDy6amARJ1wFzmcjVymANCEprQmig3CQRd9PfPIHuAUIeIHOs/s640/hold+2.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="background-color: cyan;">Light Button:</span></span></u></i></b></h4>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Light Button
is used to visible screen on Dark environment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18.6667px;">                                                           <span style="background-color: cyan;"><b><i><u>Video</u></i></b></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 18.6667px;"><span style="background-color: cyan;"><b><i><u><br /></u></i></b></span></span></div>
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How To Use A Digital Multimeter :

Digital Multimeter (DMM). A multimeter is a device which is use for measuring different parameters of electrical energy. Such as voltage, ...

Control Of Home appliance From PC Through Arduino Microcontroller

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<h2>
</h2>
<h3 style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="background-color: cyan;">Introduction:</span></span></u></b></h3>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; position: relative; top: 0.5pt;">                     In this
project<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>we control all the home
appliances from PC .This project is very important for home, office, shops etc.
The most important use of this project is in the industries where you can
control thousands of appliances from one single PC. it gives you reliable<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>results of controlling a lot<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>of devices<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> 
</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; position: relative; top: 0.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">        </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">     </span>The other big advantage of this project is
a good power management.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>In case of any
failure<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in the power system early recovery is possible
and less time will be waste.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; position: relative; top: 0.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">       </span>In such project you can control any type
of Electric powers, for example you can control power of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>small industries, big industries, power
plants<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; position: relative; top: 0.5pt;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">There are a
lot’s of application of this project in the industries side.</span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; position: relative; top: 0.5pt;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></span>
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<b style="text-align: justify;"><u><span style="background-color: cyan; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">General block diagram:</span></u></b></h3>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeKCLzInWjTD4lZRLGG8bfsot7mgu-tdmRAdWwejzY9f8iHy5GoWzSzH3RVmkNGi3Y7H2Yz22jV18bFDHQVEpmeoHoRom1szrAqj9uf9lJgja3h5jZtEwXzllYruGtmohXJkGb3ANi0qmt/s1600/HOME+APPLIANCES.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="290" data-original-width="659" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeKCLzInWjTD4lZRLGG8bfsot7mgu-tdmRAdWwejzY9f8iHy5GoWzSzH3RVmkNGi3Y7H2Yz22jV18bFDHQVEpmeoHoRom1szrAqj9uf9lJgja3h5jZtEwXzllYruGtmohXJkGb3ANi0qmt/s640/HOME+APPLIANCES.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="background-color: cyan;">Objectives<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> :</span></span></span></u></b></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">              <span style="font-weight: normal;">In this project we are controlling home appliances from PC<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>.The software use for Developing an<span style="background-color: #f4cccc;"> HMI </span>(Human
machine Interface) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>is <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="background-color: #f4cccc;">VB.NET</span> (visual basic dot net).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal;">We send data from vb.net HMI to <span style="background-color: #f4cccc;">Arduino microcontroller</span>
.The arduino receive the data serially<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal;">and sending command to the output pins<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>which control the relays, the relays<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>control<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> 
</span>the appliances.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">      </span>In
this project we use two computer languages the 1st one is Visual Basic Dot Net
(VB.NET)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>and the 2nd language is
C++<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>.In VB.NET we design HMI which shows
the whole system to control with a single click. The HMI continuously monitored
the whole system .The C++<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>language<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>is use in the Arduino Command Line Interface
(CLI) .From this language we control the whole circuits.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Both the languages will be serially connected to
each other.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><u style="background-color: cyan;">Components:</u></b></div>
<h2>
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<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">PC/Laptop<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Arduino uno (Microcontroller)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Relay Circuit Module.   (I am using 4 channel relay module)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Power supply 12 volts. ( To power the relay module)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">•<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Jumper wires. (Male to male)</span></span></div>
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<h2>
</h2>
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<u style="background-color: cyan; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 16px;">Circuit Diagram:</u></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZMquJAVVUGbSOUNnM34ER7Fi3Naor4DOjqzBXONAErirdByPzBtoXtSMmqVLX3i1aWNby6MyFmF1tJtduf0ASiYsP6w1uso1ORpMtwLtUO_3WqFYkayCaIk6IB4GqIKZ6bGwyHCVzDZuO/s1600/ir-relay+circuit.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1130" data-original-width="1600" height="452" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZMquJAVVUGbSOUNnM34ER7Fi3Naor4DOjqzBXONAErirdByPzBtoXtSMmqVLX3i1aWNby6MyFmF1tJtduf0ASiYsP6w1uso1ORpMtwLtUO_3WqFYkayCaIk6IB4GqIKZ6bGwyHCVzDZuO/s640/ir-relay+circuit.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<u style="background-color: cyan;">Relay Module:</u></h3>
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<span style="font-weight: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;">                  </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">I made this 
module my own but you can also buy it from market.I will also be 
make a blog on how to make your own PCB(Printed circuit board).This module have
4 channel .i mean that you can control four different devices from this
module.In following components are used in this circuit .</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">1:Four 12 volts
relays <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">2:Four tipp 127
transistors.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">3:Some diodes.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">4:led.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">5:DC socket.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">6:Resistor.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">7:Female header row .<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">8:Some wires.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyTLARHdRtXWyLoDb-WbSJe5fC8MLPG6qV8OdtFrpC7sm2bD6wfuCJhlWg5IBDI-SPrCK2d5-hJtgiPGbScxPNBHCObG1Zh7H0iBp40dVgsHuyDUFn-5JXDDG__ijTLX7MR3Zx2PPpjlcV/s1600/sdfsd.png" imageanchor="1" style="font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1600" height="598" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyTLARHdRtXWyLoDb-WbSJe5fC8MLPG6qV8OdtFrpC7sm2bD6wfuCJhlWg5IBDI-SPrCK2d5-hJtgiPGbScxPNBHCObG1Zh7H0iBp40dVgsHuyDUFn-5JXDDG__ijTLX7MR3Zx2PPpjlcV/s640/sdfsd.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<u><br /></u></div>
<h3>
<u style="background-color: cyan;">Arduino Code:</u></h3>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">int</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #f4cccc;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">bulb = 13;</span></div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">   int fan = 12;</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">   int tv = 11;</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;"> void setup() {</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">               pinMode(bulb, OUTPUT); </span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">               digitalWrite(bulb, LOW);</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">               pinMode(fan, OUTPUT); </span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">               digitalWrite(fan, LOW);</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">               pinMode(tv, OUTPUT); </span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">               digitalWrite(tv, LOW);</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">               Serial.begin(9600);</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">               }</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">void loop()  { </span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                delay(500);</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                while(Serial.available() > 0)</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                         {</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                   byte incomingByte = Serial.read(); // Reads incoming byte from serial</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                   if( incomingByte == '1'){ digitalWrite(bulb, HIGH);</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                                              Serial.println("bulb ON");</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                                             delay(100);</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                                            }</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                     if( incomingByte == '2'){ digitalWrite(bulb, LOW);</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                                                Serial.println("bulb OFF");</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                                              delay(100);</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                                             }</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                   </span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                    if( incomingByte == '3'){ digitalWrite(fan, HIGH);</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                                              Serial.println("Fan ON");</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                                              delay(100);</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                                             }</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                   </span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                     if( incomingByte == '4'){ digitalWrite(fan, LOW);</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                                               Serial.println("Fan OFF");</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                                               delay(100);</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                                               }</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                    </span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                     if( incomingByte == '5'){ digitalWrite(tv, HIGH);</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                                               Serial.println("TV ON");</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                                               delay(100);</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                                             }</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                     </span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                     if( incomingByte == '6'){ digitalWrite(tv, LOW);</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                                               Serial.println("TV OFF");</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                                                 delay(100);</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                                              }</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                     </span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                        } </span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">           }</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: purple;">                 </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: purple;"><br /></span></span></div>
<h3>
<b><u style="background-color: cyan;">Vb.Net HMI Code:</u></b></h3>
<div>
<b><u style="background-color: cyan;"><br /></u></b></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: cyan;"></span><br />
<div>
<span style="background-color: cyan;"><span style="color: magenta;">Public Class Form1</span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: cyan;">
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    Private g As Graphics</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        g = Me.CreateGraphics()</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Me.Height = 500</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Me.Width = 860</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Me.BackColor = Color.Aqua</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    End Sub</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Me.PictureBox1.Image = My.Resources.L1</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Timer3.Start()</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Timer4.Start()</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    End Sub</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    Private Sub Button2_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button2.Click</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Me.PictureBox1.Image = My.Resources.L2</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Timer3.Stop()   REM belt stop</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Timer4.Stop()</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    End Sub</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    </span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    Private Sub Button3_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button3.Click</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Timer1.Start()</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Timer2.Start()</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    End Sub</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    Private Sub Button4_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button4.Click</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Timer1.Stop()   REM belt stop</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Timer2.Stop()</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    End Sub</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    Private Sub Timer1_Tick(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Timer1.Tick</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Me.PictureBox2.Image = My.Resources.a1</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    End Sub</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    Private Sub Timer2_Tick(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Timer2.Tick</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Me.PictureBox2.Image = My.Resources.a2</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    End Sub</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    Private Sub Timer3_Tick(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Timer3.Tick</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Me.PictureBox1.Image = My.Resources.L1</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    End Sub</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    Private Sub Timer4_Tick(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Timer4.Tick</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Me.PictureBox1.Image = My.Resources.L3</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    End Sub</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    Private Sub Button5_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button5.Click</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Me.PictureBox3.Image = My.Resources.TV1</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Timer5.Start()</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Timer6.Start()</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    End Sub</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    Private Sub Button6_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button6.Click</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Me.PictureBox3.Image = My.Resources.TV1</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Timer5.Stop()   REM belt stop</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Timer6.Stop()</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    End Sub</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    Private Sub Timer5_Tick(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Timer5.Tick</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Me.PictureBox3.Image = My.Resources.TV2</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    End Sub</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    Private Sub Timer6_Tick(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Timer6.Tick</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Me.PictureBox3.Image = My.Resources.TV3</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    End Sub</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    Private Sub Button7_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button7.Click</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Me.Hide()</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Form2.Show()</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    End Sub</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    Private Sub Button8_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button8.Click</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Me.PictureBox1.Image = My.Resources.L1</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Timer3.Start()</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Timer4.Start()</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Timer1.Start()</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Timer2.Start()</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Me.PictureBox3.Image = My.Resources.TV1</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Timer5.Start()</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Timer6.Start()</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    End Sub</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    Private Sub Button9_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button9.Click</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Me.PictureBox1.Image = My.Resources.L2</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Timer3.Stop()   REM belt stop</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Timer4.Stop()</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Timer1.Stop()   REM belt stop</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Timer2.Stop()</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Me.PictureBox3.Image = My.Resources.TV1</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Timer5.Stop()   REM belt stop</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">        Timer6.Stop()</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">    End Sub</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: magenta;">End Class</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration-line: underline;">
<br /></div>
</span></div>
<div>
<b><u style="background-color: cyan;"><br /></u></b></div>
<div>
<b><u style="background-color: cyan;"><br /></u></b></div>
<div>
<b><u style="background-color: cyan;"><br /></u></b></div>
<div>
<b><u style="background-color: cyan;"><br /></u></b></div>
<div>
<b><u style="background-color: cyan;"><br /></u></b></div>
<div>
<b><u style="background-color: cyan;"><br /></u></b></div>
<div>
<b><u style="background-color: cyan;"><br /></u></b></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: cyan;"><span style="color: magenta;"></span></span><br />
<div>
<span style="background-color: cyan;"><span style="color: magenta;">Imports System.IO.Ports</span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: cyan;"><span style="color: magenta;">
<div>
Public Class Form2</div>
<div>
    Private g As Graphics</div>
<div>
    Private mySerialPort As New SerialPort</div>
<div>
    Dim instance As SerialPort</div>
<div>
    Private Sub Form2_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load</div>
<div>
        g = Me.CreateGraphics()</div>
<div>
        Me.Height = 500</div>
<div>
        Me.Width = 860</div>
<div>
        Me.BackColor = Color.Aqua</div>
<div>
        Call CommPortSetup()</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
        Dim i As Integer</div>
<div>
        Try</div>
<div>
            mySerialPort.Open()</div>
<div>
        Catch ex As Exception</div>
<div>
            i = MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)</div>
<div>
        End Try</div>
<div>
        If i = 1 Then</div>
<div>
            Form1.Show()</div>
<div>
            Me.Dispose()</div>
<div>
        End If</div>
<div>
    End Sub</div>
<div>
    Private Sub CommPortSetup()</div>
<div>
        With mySerialPort</div>
<div>
            'a = ComboBox1.Text</div>
<div>
            'b = ComboBox1.Text</div>
<div>
            .PortName = "COM" & 5         REM Module1.uname1</div>
<div>
            .BaudRate = 9600                            REM Module1.uname2                       </div>
<div>
            .DataBits = 8</div>
<div>
            .Parity = Parity.None</div>
<div>
            .StopBits = StopBits.One</div>
<div>
            .Handshake = Handshake.None</div>
<div>
        End With</div>
<div>
    End Sub</div>
<div>
    Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click</div>
<div>
        Me.PictureBox1.Image = My.Resources.L1</div>
<div>
        Timer3.Start()</div>
<div>
        Timer4.Start()</div>
<div>
        Try</div>
<div>
            mySerialPort.Write("1")</div>
<div>
        Catch ex As Exception</div>
<div>
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)</div>
<div>
        End Try</div>
<div>
    End Sub</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
    Private Sub Button2_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button2.Click</div>
<div>
        Me.PictureBox1.Image = My.Resources.L2</div>
<div>
        Timer3.Stop()   REM belt stop</div>
<div>
        Timer4.Stop()</div>
<div>
        Try</div>
<div>
            mySerialPort.Write("2")</div>
<div>
        Catch ex As Exception</div>
<div>
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)</div>
<div>
        End Try</div>
<div>
    End Sub</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
    Private Sub Button3_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button3.Click</div>
<div>
        Timer1.Start()</div>
<div>
        Timer2.Start()</div>
<div>
        Try</div>
<div>
            mySerialPort.Write("3")</div>
<div>
        Catch ex As Exception</div>
<div>
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)</div>
<div>
        End Try</div>
<div>
    End Sub</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
    Private Sub Button4_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button4.Click</div>
<div>
        Timer1.Stop()   REM belt stop</div>
<div>
        Timer2.Stop()</div>
<div>
        Try</div>
<div>
            mySerialPort.Write("4")</div>
<div>
        Catch ex As Exception</div>
<div>
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)</div>
<div>
        End Try</div>
<div>
    End Sub</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
    Private Sub Timer1_Tick(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Timer1.Tick</div>
<div>
        Me.PictureBox2.Image = My.Resources.a1</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
    End Sub</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
    Private Sub Timer2_Tick(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Timer2.Tick</div>
<div>
        Me.PictureBox2.Image = My.Resources.a2</div>
<div>
    End Sub</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
    Private Sub Timer3_Tick(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Timer3.Tick</div>
<div>
        Me.PictureBox1.Image = My.Resources.L1</div>
<div>
    End Sub</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
    Private Sub Timer4_Tick(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Timer4.Tick</div>
<div>
        Me.PictureBox1.Image = My.Resources.L3</div>
<div>
    End Sub</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
    Private Sub Button5_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button5.Click</div>
<div>
        Me.PictureBox3.Image = My.Resources.TV1</div>
<div>
        Timer5.Start()</div>
<div>
        Timer6.Start()</div>
<div>
        Try</div>
<div>
            mySerialPort.Write("5")</div>
<div>
        Catch ex As Exception</div>
<div>
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)</div>
<div>
        End Try</div>
<div>
    End Sub</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
    Private Sub Button6_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button6.Click</div>
<div>
        Me.PictureBox3.Image = My.Resources.TV1</div>
<div>
        Timer5.Stop()   REM belt stop</div>
<div>
        Timer6.Stop()</div>
<div>
        Try</div>
<div>
            mySerialPort.Write("6")</div>
<div>
        Catch ex As Exception</div>
<div>
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)</div>
<div>
        End Try</div>
<div>
    End Sub</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
    Private Sub Timer5_Tick(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Timer5.Tick</div>
<div>
        Me.PictureBox3.Image = My.Resources.TV2</div>
<div>
    End Sub</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
    Private Sub Timer6_Tick(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Timer6.Tick</div>
<div>
        Me.PictureBox3.Image = My.Resources.TV3</div>
<div>
    End Sub</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
    Private Sub Button7_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button7.Click</div>
<div>
        Form1.Show()</div>
<div>
        Me.Hide()</div>
<div>
    End Sub</div>
<div>
    Private Sub Button8_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button8.Click</div>
<div>
        Me.PictureBox1.Image = My.Resources.L1</div>
<div>
        Timer3.Start()</div>
<div>
        Timer4.Start()</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
        Timer1.Start()</div>
<div>
        Timer2.Start()</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
        Me.PictureBox3.Image = My.Resources.TV1</div>
<div>
        Timer5.Start()</div>
<div>
        Timer6.Start()</div>
<div>
        Try</div>
<div>
            mySerialPort.Write("8")</div>
<div>
        Catch ex As Exception</div>
<div>
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)</div>
<div>
        End Try</div>
<div>
    End Sub</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
    Private Sub Button9_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button9.Click</div>
<div>
        Me.PictureBox1.Image = My.Resources.L2</div>
<div>
        Timer3.Stop()   REM belt stop</div>
<div>
        Timer4.Stop()</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
        Timer1.Stop()   REM belt stop</div>
<div>
        Timer2.Stop()</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
        Me.PictureBox3.Image = My.Resources.TV1</div>
<div>
        Timer5.Stop()   REM belt stop</div>
<div>
        Timer6.Stop()</div>
<div>
        Try</div>
<div>
            mySerialPort.Write("9")</div>
<div>
        Catch ex As Exception</div>
<div>
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)</div>
<div>
        End Try</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
    End Sub</div>
<div>
End Class</div>
</span></span></div>
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<h3>
<b><u style="background-color: cyan;">HMI Pictures:</u></b></h3>
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<span style="background-color: cyan;"><b><u>Project Hardware Images</u></b></span></h3>
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